I read a 30-page paper on memes

Ukrainian Memetic Warfare: What we can learn about going viral, clever ways to market your startup, and the power of meme pages

It’s memetic warfare time

Sup nerds,

On Friday, I read a 30-page research paper about memes.

Why would I do such a thing?

The paper is called “Narratives of War: Ukrainian Memetic Warfare on Twitter" and I’m a nut for memetic warfare. You know those gun nuts or WW2 fanatics? Well, I’m that for memetic warfare. I built my whole company around it.

Memetic warfare isn’t just “posting memes”.

NATO defines memetic warfare as “the competition over narrative, ideas, and social control in a social-media battlefield". And in an increasingly online world, the battle over ideas is often just as or more important than the physical battle being built.

While I’ve played the dummy online, fighting memetic warfare for America and important causes is my true motivation for building Memelord Technologies. Using our own software, my team and I have helped governments, public companies, and startups shift narratives and break through the noise with memes and humor. We are living proof of the effectiveness of memetic warfare.

So when this scholarly paper dropped, I knew I had to read it. There’s insights around going viral, clever ways to market your startup, and the power of meme pages.

Insight #1: Ukraine posts different types of memes across 3 accounts

The authors of the paper tracked memes across:

  • @ukraine (official government account)

  • @defenceu (account focused on defending Ukraine)

  • @uamemesforces (Ukraine meme account)

The accounts are all run by the Ukrainian government for different purposes.

The memes posted across each account are very different based on narrative, subject of the meme, phrasing, and more.

For example, on the official @Ukraine government account and the @defenceu, they focus on memes around Ukrainian pride and the “hero” narrative. The authors call this “nation-branding” which is a fun concept I’ve never really thought about before.

Whereas on the @uamemesforces meme account, the account is heavily focused on making Putin the villain and making the Russian army look like “fools”. It’s a very different, riskier strategy—hence why it’s on the non-official government account.

Hot tip: this is a strategy any startup or company can company by creating a 2nd meme account to be goofy and make fun of people. For example, of the startups I invested in runs a 2nd account that is a parody of a VC that just makes fun of VCs. If you’re afraid to say something or push a certain narrative on the main brain account, do it on a 2nd account. Then if it blows up in your face or gets back to you, then blame the “social media intern lol.

Insight #2: Scholarly proof of the powerful people following meme pages

When Elon tweeted that, most people assumed he was joking.

He wasn’t.

There’s a reason he keeps tweeting it again and again. There’s a reason why he bought a social media network. Whoever controls the memes controls the slant of the conversation. He’s spoken frequently about this. Marc Andreessen frequently speaks about the memes of production and meme dealers.

Memes are the smallest transmittable bit of culture.

Control the memes, you control the culture.

Which leads me to a thesis I’ve had for a long time.

The richest most wealthy elite in the world follow meme pages because they like to laugh just as much as anyone else.

I first got proof of this when I talked to Chris Bakke, former CEO of Laskie, a company he sold to Elon for $100M+. Chris drove $3M+ in enterprise sales from memes alone (my interview with him here). This was further solidified when I talked to the CMO at Hebbia, a finance startup that raised $130M whose #1 advertising method is meme pages because investment bank presidents were contacting them and signing 6-7 figure deals from the meme pages. This sounds crazy, but I hear about this type of stuff all the time from customers at Memelord Technologies.

Now I have scholarly proof of this.

And even though I myself am a dropout, it’s nice to have some PhDs admitting that smart wealthy elites follow dank meme pages.

“Scholars have highlighted how @uamemesforces “is followed by academics, journalists from leading publications, diplomats from a host of countries, communications advisers to world leaders and social media managers at multilateral institutions”, and thus how its memes have the potential to “reach global elites”."

Yelena Mejova, Arthur Capozzi, Corrado Monti, and Gianmarco De Francisci Morales. 2025. Narratives of War: Ukrainian Memetic Warfare on Twitter. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 9, 2, Article CSCW139 (April 2025), 28 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3711037

Hot tip: start an unhinged meme page in your niche. “Who will follow it?” you wonder. Well smart rich people love to laugh. If you want the smartest people in your niche to follow you, then post memes about your niche. 1 of our earliest Memelord Technologies customers is a sales automation SaaS called 1up. They built an IG page dedicated to sales memes and have driven 1/3 of their revenue thanks to memes!!!

Insight #3: Tweets with a villain narrative spread harder

Everyone knows anger goes more viral on social media.

There’s scholarly research proving this for years.

But the authors of this paper show something very interesting.

Memes with “a Russia villain narrative” are more likely to go viral especially in countries that are more involved with the conflict-as measured by the share of GDP devoted to economic and military assistance to Ukraine.

Yes, these crazy sons-of-bitches-research-paper-authors literally did an analysis of comparing the retweets of memes in certain countries to the percentage of their GDP they’re allocating to supporting Ukraine.

Insane.

Makes sense. Countries that hate Russia (ex. USA) are going to support more. But still insane they literally proved it lol.

Hot tip: If you want to go viral, pick a villain to fight against. It doesn’t have to be a person. It can be a big faceless company. Me and my team do this frequently by making memes pushing Canva and Adobe as the villains (2 big faceless soulless corporations that are competitors of Memelord Technologies who have no employees or presence on social media that will clap back against us). Unlike attacking someone directly, it’s risk-free and you’re not ruining anyone’s life!

Insight #4: Psychological Warfare v. Memetic Warface

While propaganda has long been a central component of war, memetic warfare introduces a new key aspect: its reach is intrinsically tied to how much its audience is willing to spread it. Governments engaged in psychological warfare used to rely mostly on one-way, broadcast communication media such as posters and radio, and on subsequent word-of-mouth amplification by individuals. However, the two-way nature of social media implies that authors have to persuade their own audience to help spread their message on the platform in order to reach wider audiences. This characteristic creates a particular amalgam of social-media bottom-up dynamics with the top-down approach typical of military objectives and narratives. Different objectives may then require spreading different types of content, which in turn may have varying degrees of success with specific audiences.

Yelena Mejova, Arthur Capozzi, Corrado Monti, and Gianmarco De Francisci Morales. 2025. Narratives of War: Ukrainian Memetic Warfare on Twitter. Proc. ACM Hum.-Comput. Interact. 9, 2, Article CSCW139 (April 2025), 28 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3711037

Nations have always done psychological warfare spreading ideas.

But memetic warfare is all about how can you get people to do the dirty work of spreading the ideas for you?

Memetic warfare is fundamentally different than psychological warfare.

In the days of psychological warfare, it was just 1-to-many.

Now it’s 1-to-many-to-many-more.

To be honest, I sometimes wish I was alive back in the 60s when it was easy as hell to influence people. There were 3 tv channels. All you needed was 1 dude jumping on the TV and saying something and boom you shift the narrative. Now you need full-scale campaigns with millions of regular people sharing your content. It’s 1000x harder. It’s not your grandpa’s media world anymore.

We live in the age of memetic warfare.

Everyone is a keyboard warrior (whether you know it or not, you’ve probably taken part in someone else’s memetic warfare — sharing a meme, changing your flag to Ukraine, writing a post about politics, etc.)

In today’s world, it’s not enough to have good ideas.

Whoever makes the most spreadable ideas win.

Who controls the memes controls the universe 😈

Memes of the Week

Thanks for reading nerds.

Create some cool shit this week.

Jason “The Memelord” Levin